Given its shared attributes—such as its catalytic activity, electronic properties, and robust thermal and chemical resistance—ruthenium is often leveraged alongside other PGMs. What makes ruthenium particularly appealing is its relative abundance compared to some of its PGM counterparts, like iridium. With mine production roughly four times higher than iridium and a historically more favorable price, increasing ruthenium content in designs can be an attractive strategy when there’s flexibility in achieving performance and durability goals.